Increasing research has shown that the abnormal expression of circRNAs is closely related to tumorigenesis, apoptosis, and patient prognosis in cervical cancer. This study aimed to reveal the procancer role of circIL21R in cervical cancer and investigate its related molecular mechanisms. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that circIL21R promotes the progression of cervical cancer via the miR-1205/PTBP1 axis. CircIL21R expression was significantly greater in tumor tissue than in adjacent normal tissue, and higher circIL21R expression indicated shorter survival. We applied MTS assays, EdU assays, and Transwell assays to show that the overexpression of circIL21R promoted cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Mechanistically, circIL21R promoted the expression of PTBP1 by sponging miR-1205. Moreover, rescue assays confirmed that regulating the expression of miR-1205 or PTBP1 could reverse the tumorigenic effect caused by circIL21R overexpression. In addition, circIL21R promoted the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer in vivo. In summary, our study demonstrated that circIL21R was highly expressed in cervical cancer and upregulated PTBP1 expression by acting as a ceRNA for miR-1205, making outstanding contributions to several malignant biological processes in cervical cancers, such as growth, proliferation, and invasion. CircIL21R is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.
PURPOSE: This study assessed effect of food on pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of fuzuloparib capsules. METHODS: A randomized, open-label, two-cycle, two-sequence, crossover clinical trial was conducted. 20 subjects were randomly assigned to 2 groups at a 1:1 ratio. The first group subjects were orally administered 150 mg fuzuloparib capsules under fasting condition in first dosing cycle. The same dose of fuzuloparib capsules were taken under postprandial state after a 7-day washout period. The second group was reversed. 3 ml whole blood was collected at each blood collection point until 72 h post dose. PK parameters were calculated. Furthermore, safety assessment was performed. RESULTS: The time to maximum concentration (Tmax) was prolonged to 3 h and maximum concentration (Cmax) decreased by 18.6% on high-fat diets. 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of geometric mean ratios (GMRs) for Cmax, area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to time t (AUC0-t), and area under the concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-∞) after high-fat meal were 71.6-92.6%, 81.7-102.7% and 81.6-102.5%, respectively. All treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were grade 1; No serious adverse events (SAEs), serious unexpected suspected adverse reaction (SUSAR) or deaths were reported. CONCLUSION: Food decreased the absorption rate and slowed time to peak exposure of fuzuloparib capsules, without impact on absorption extent. Dosing with food was found to be safe for fuzuloparib capsules in this study. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered with chinadrugtrials.org.cn (identifier: CTR20221498).
BACKGROUND: The Recombinant Omicron BA.4/5-Delta COVID-19 Vaccine (ZF2202-A) is primarily designed for the Delta and Omicron BA.4/5 variants. Our objective was to assess the safety and immunogenicity of ZF2202-A in Chinese adults. METHODS: A total of 450 participants aged ≥ 18 years, who had completed primary or booster vaccination with a COVID-19 vaccine more than 6 months prior, were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial. Participants in the study and control groups were administered one dose of ZF2202-A and ZF2001, respectively. Immunogenicity subgroups were established in each group. RESULTS: At 14 days after vaccination, the seroconversion rates of Omicron BA.4/5, BF.7, and XBB.1 in the ZF2022-A group were 67.7 %, 58.6 %, and 62.6 %, with geometric mean titers (GMTs) of neutralizing antibodies at 350.2, 491.8, and 49.5, respectively. The main adverse reactions (ARs) were vaccination site pain, pruritus, fatigue, and asthenia in both the ZF2022-A group and ZF2001 group. CONCLUSIONS: The novel bivalent vaccine ZF2202-A demonstrated satisfactory immunogenicity and safety against Omicron variants as booster dose in adults with prior vaccination of COVID-19 vaccines.
The two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in BaSnO 3 -based heterostructure (HS) has received tremendous attention in the electronic applications because of its excellent electron migration characteristic. We modeled the n-type (LaO) + /(SnO 2 ) 0 interface by depositing LaGaO 3 film on the BaSnO 3 substrate and explored strain effects on the critical thickness for forming 2DEG and electrical properties of LaGaO 3 /BaSnO 3 HS system using first-principles electronic structure calculations. The results indicate that to form 2DEG in the unstrained LaGaO 3 /BaSnO 3 HS system, a minimum thickness of approximately 4 unit cells of LaGaO 3 film is necessary. An increased film thickness of LaGaO 3 is required to form the 2DEG for -3%-biaxially-strained HS system and the critical thickness is 3 unit cells for 3%-baxially-strained HS system, which is caused by the strain-induced change of the electrostatic potential in LaGaO 3 film. In addition, the biaxial strain plays an important role in tailoring the electrical properties of 2DEG in LaGaO 3 /BaSnO 3 HS syestem. The interfacial charge carrier density, electron mobility and electrical conductivity can be optimized when a moderate tensile strain is applied on the BaSnO 3 substrate in the ab-plane.
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are involved in autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). ERV gene products homologous to murine leukemia retroviruses are expressed in the pancreatic islets of NOD mice, a model of T1D. One ERV gene, Gag, with partial or complete open reading frames (ORFs), is detected in the islets, and it contains many sequence variants. An amplicon deep sequencing analysis was established by targeting a conserved region within the Gag gene to compare NOD with T1D-resistant mice or different ages of prediabetic NOD mice. We observed that the numbers of different Gag variants and ORFs are linked to T1D susceptibility. More importantly, these numbers change during the course of diabetes development and can be quantified to calculate the levels of disease progression. Sequence alignment analysis led to identification of additional markers, including nucleotide mismatching and amino acid consensus at specific positions that can distinguish the early and late stages, before diabetes onset. Therefore, the expression of sequence variants and ORFs of ERV genes, particularly Gag, can be quantified as biomarkers to estimate T1D susceptibility and disease progression.
Individuals with a high degree of salt sensitivity (SS) have a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but whether SS fosters CVD by influencing metabolomics homeostasis remains unclear. This study aimed to reveal the role of the SS-related metabolomics signature in the development of CVDs, based on the MetaSalt study, which was a dietary salt-intervention trial conducted at four centers in China in 2019. A total of 528 participants were recruited and underwent 3 days of baseline observations, a 10-day low-salt intervention, and a 10-day high-salt intervention. Plasma untargeted metabolomics, lipidomics, and BP measurements were scheduled at each stage. Participants were grouped into extreme SS, moderate SS, and salt-resistant (SR) individuals according to their BP responses to salt. Linear mixed models were used to identify SS-related metabolites and determine the relationship between the SS-related metabolomics signature and arterial stiffness. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were applied to establish the causal pathways among the SS-related metabolites, BP, and CVDs. Among the 713 metabolites, 467 were significantly changed after the high-salt intervention. Among them, the changes in 30 metabolites from the low-salt to the high-salt intervention differed among the SS groups. Of the remaining nonsalt-related metabolites, the baseline levels of 11 metabolites were related to SS. These 41 metabolites explained 23% of the variance in SS. Moreover, SS and its metabolomics signature were positively correlated with arterial stiffness. MR analyses demonstrated that the SS-related metabolites may affect CVD risk by altering BP, indicating that the increase in BP was the consequence of the changes in SS-related metabolites rather than the cause. Our study revealed that the metabolomics signature of SS individuals differs from that of SR individuals and that the changes in SS-related metabolites may increase arterial stiffness and foster CVDs. This study provides insight into understanding the biology and targets of SS and its role in CVDs.
Introduction: The single and combined association between brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has remained unelucidated. This research aimed at exploring the associations between mixture of BFRs and CVD. Methods: This research encompassed adult participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2005-2016. The weighted quantile sum (WQS) model and quantile g-computation (QGC) model were applied to examine the combined effects of BFRs mixture on CVD. Results: In this research, overall 7,032 individuals were included. In comparison with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of PBB153 showed a positive association with CVD, with odds ratio (OR) values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 19.2 (10.9, 34.0). Furthermore, the acquired data indicated that PBB153 (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.49), PBB99 (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.58), and PBB154 (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.63) were linked to congestive heart failure. PBB153 was also related to coronary heart disease (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.56). Additionally, a positive correlation between the BFRs mixture and CVD (positive model: OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.47) was observed in the weighted quantile sum (WQS) model and the quantile g-computation (QGC) model. Discussion: Therefore, exposure to BFRs has been observed to heighten the risk of cardiovascular disease in US adults, particularly in the case of PBB153. Further investigation is warranted through a large-scale cohort study to validate and strengthen these findings.
Cardiovascular Diseases , Flame Retardants , Polybrominated Biphenyls , Adult , Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cohort Studies , Nutrition Surveys
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently shown great potential for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Currently almost all reports are focused on two-dimensional (2D) COFs, while the 3D counterparts are rarely explored due to their non-conjugated frameworks derived from the sp3 carbon based tetrahedral building blocks. Here, we rationally designed and synthesized a series of fully conjugated 3D COFs by using the saddle-shaped cyclooctatetrathiophene derivative as the building block. Through molecular engineering strategies, we thoroughly discussed the influences of key factors including the donor-acceptor structure, hydrophilicity, specific surface areas, as well as the conjugated/non-conjugated structures on their photocatalytic hydrogen evolution properties. The as-synthesized fully conjugated 3D COFs could generate the hydrogen up to 40.36â mmol h-1 g-1. This is the first report on intrinsic metal-free 3D COFs in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution application. Our work provides insight on the structure design of 3D COFs for highly-efficient photocatalysis, and also reveals that the semiconducting fully conjugated 3D COFs could be a useful platform in clear energy-related fields.
We aimed to identify different trajectories of remnant cholesterol (RC) and investigate the association of RC trajectories with vascular endothelial function and atherosclerosis progression in a longitudinal cohort of the Chinese population. A total of 521 participants were included in the flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) subcohort study, and 7775 participants were included in the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) subcohort study. All participants had ≥ 3 medical examinations during the 10-year follow-up period. In the FMD subcohort study, three distinct RC trajectories were identified according to the RC range and changing pattern over time: "low" (57.58%), "moderate" (30.90%) and "high" (11.52%). The proportion of the three groups with vascular endothelial dysfunction (FMD < 7.0%) was 20.00%, 39.75% and 60.00% respectively. Taking the low group as a reference, participants in the moderate and high groups had over 1.88 and 2.94 times the odds of vascular endothelial dysfunction (P = 0.048). In the baPWV subcohort study, three distinct RC trajectories were also identified: "low" (54.29%), "moderate" (38.97%) and "high" (6.74%). The proportion of the three groups with atherosclerosis (baPWV > 1400 cm/s) was 38.79%, 51.26% and 59.01% respectively. Taking the low group as a reference, participants in the moderate and high groups had over 1.46 and 2.16 times the odds of atherosclerosis (P < 0.001). The findings indicated that distinct RC trajectories are significantly associated with vascular endothelial function and atherosclerosis. Regular monitoring to identify persistent increases in RC may be more helpful in identifying individuals with a high risk of cardiovascular disease.
Atherosclerosis , Vascular Stiffness , Adult , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Ankle Brachial Index , Endothelium, Vascular , Pulse Wave Analysis , Atherosclerosis/epidemiology , Cholesterol , China/epidemiology , Risk Factors
Transcription factors (TFs) engage in various cellular essential processes including differentiation, growth and migration. However, the master TF involved in distant metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains largely unclear. Here we show that KLF5 regulates actin remodeling to enhance NPC metastasis. We analyzed the msVIPER algorithm-generated transcriptional regulatory networks and identified KLF5 as a master TF of metastatic NPC linked to poor clinical outcomes. KLF5 regulates actin remodeling and lamellipodia formation to promote the metastasis of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, KLF5 preferentially occupies distal enhancer regions of ACTN4 to activate its transcription, whereby decoding the informative DNA sequences. ACTN4, extensively localized within actin cytoskeleton, facilitates dense and branched actin networks and lamellipodia formation at the cell leading edge, empowering cells to migrate faster. Collectively, our findings reveal that KLF5 controls robust transcription program of ACTN4 to modulate actin remodeling and augment cell motility which enhances NPC metastasis, and provide new potential biomarkers and therapeutic interventions for NPC.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We aimed to investigate the correlation and to explore which MAFLD subtypes have the greatest influence on progression of arterial stiffness risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using data from a health examination-based cohort, a total of 12,129 participants who underwent two repeated health examinations that included brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) from 2012 to 2020 were enrolled. Participants were separated into non-MAFLD, overweight/obese (OW-MAFLD), lean/normal weight (lean-MAFLD) and diabetes (DM-MAFLD) groups. Among the participants with a median follow-up of 2.17 years, 4511 (37.2%) participants had MAFLD at baseline, among which 3954 (87.7%), 123 (2.7%), and 434 (9.6%) were OW-, lean- and DM-MAFLD, respectively. Analyses using linear regression models confirmed that compared with the non-MAFLD group, the elevated baPWV change rates (cm/s/year) were 12.87 (8.81-16.94), 25.33 (7.84-42.83) and 38.49 (27.88-49.10) in OW, lean and DM-MAFLD, respectively, while the increased change proportions (%) were 1.53 (1.10-1.95), 3.56 (1.72-5.40) and 3.94 (2.82-5.05), respectively. Similar patterns were observed when these two baPWV parameters were transformed in the form of the greatest increase using Cox proportional hazards model analyses. Furthermore, the risk of arterial stiffness progression across MAFLD subtypes presented a significant, gradient, inverse relationship in the order of DM-, lean-, OW with metabolic abnormalities (MA)-, and OW without MA-MAFLD. CONCLUSION: MAFLD, especially DM-MAFLD and lean-MAFLD, was significantly associated with arterial stiffness progression, providing evidence that stratification screening and surveillance strategies for CVD risk have important clinical implications.
Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported.We previously reported superior symptom control of electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO)-based symptom management after lung cancer surgery for up to 1 month postdischarge. Here, we present the long-term results (1-12 months) of this multicenter, randomized trial, where patients were assigned 1:1 to receive postoperative ePRO-based symptom management or usual care daily postsurgery, twice weekly postdischarge until 1 month, and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postdischarge. Long-term patient-reported outcomes were assessed with MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Lung Cancer module. Per-protocol analyses were performed with 55 patients in the ePRO group and 57 in the usual care group. At 12 months postdischarge, the ePRO group reported significantly fewer symptom threshold events (any of the five target symptom scored ≥4; median [IQR], 0 [0-0] v 0 [0-1]; P = .040) than the usual care group. From 1 to 12 months postdischarge, the ePRO group consistently reported significantly lower composite scores for physical interference (estimate, -0.86 [95% CI, -1.32 to -0.39]) and affective interference (estimate, -0.70 [95% CI, -1.14 to -0.26]). Early intensive ePRO-based symptom management after lung cancer surgery reduced symptom burden and improved functional status for up to 1 year postdischarge, supporting its integration into standard care.
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with vonoprazan fumarate-d4 as a stable isotope-labeled internal standard was developed and validated aiming at quantification of vonoprazan fumarate in human plasma for a bioequivalence study. Chromatographic separation was achieved by acetonitrile one-step protein precipitation using a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile with a run time of 3.65 min. Detection was carried out on a tandem mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode via a positive electrospray ionization interface. The multiple reaction monitoring mode of precursor-product ion transitions for vonoprazan fumarate and vonoprazan fumarate-d4 were m/z 346.0 â 315.1 and 350.0 â 316.0, respectively. The linear range was 0.150-60.000 ng/ml. This method was fully validated with acceptable results in terms of selectivity, carryover, lower limit of quantification, calibration curve, accuracy, precision, dilution effect, matrix effect, stability, recovery and incurred sample reanalysis. A successful application of this method was realized in the bioequivalence study of vonoprazan fumarate tablet (20 mg) among healthy Chinese volunteers.
Background: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is exacerbated by disruptions in intestinal microecology and immune imbalances within the gut-liver axis. The present study assesses the therapeutic potential of combining Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) with inosine in alleviating alcohol-induced liver injury. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice, subjected to a Lieber-DeCarli diet with 5% alcohol for 4 weeks, served as the alcoholic liver injury model. Various analyzes, including quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), ELISA, immunochemistry, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and flow cytometry, were employed to evaluate liver injury parameters, intestinal barrier function, microbiota composition, and immune responses. Results: Compared to the model group, the A. muciniphila and inosine groups exhibited significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, reduced hepatic fat deposition and neutrophil infiltration, alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation, and increased expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1). These effects were further pronounced in the A. muciniphila and inosine combination group compared to individual treatments. While alcohol feeding induced intestinal dysbiosis and gut barrier disruption, the combined treatment reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria (Oscillibacter, Escherichia/Shigella, and Alistipes) induced by alcohol consumption, promoting the growth of butyrate-producing bacteria (Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium IV). Flow cytometry revealed that alcohol consumption reduced T regulatory (Treg) populations while increasing those of T-helper (Th) 1 and Th17, which were restored by A. muciniphila combined with inosine treatment. Moreover, A. muciniphila and inosine combination increased the expression levels of intestinal CD39, CD73, and adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) along with enhanced proportions of CD4+CD39+Treg and CD4+CD73+Treg cells in the liver and spleen. The A2AR antagonist KW6002, blocked the beneficial effects of the A. muciniphila and inosine combination on liver injury in ALD mice. Conclusion: This study reveals that the combination of A. muciniphila and inosine holds promise for ameliorating ALD by enhancing the gut ecosystem, improving intestinal barrier function, upregulating A2AR, CD73, and CD39 expression, modulating Treg cells functionality, and regulating the imbalance of Treg/Th17/Th1 cells, and these beneficial effects are partly A2AR-dependent.
BACKGROUND: Little has been done to establish biobanks for studying the environment and lifestyle risk factors for diseases among the school-age children. The Minhang Pediatric Biobank (MPB) cohort study aims to identify factors associated with health and diseases of school-aged children living in the urban or suburban area of Shanghai. METHODS: This population-based cohort study was started in all sub-districts/towns of Minhang district of Shanghai in 2014. First-grade students in elementary school were enrolled during the time of their routine physical examinations, with self-administered questionnaires completed by their primary caregivers. Additional information was extracted from multiple health information systems. Urine and saliva samples were collected during the baseline survey and follow-up visits. RESULTS: At the end of 2014 academic year, a total number of 8412 children and their parents were recruited, including 4339 boys and 4073 girls. All the participants completed the baseline survey and physical examination, and 7128 urine and 2767 saliva samples were collected. The five most prevalent childhood diseases in this population were dental caries, bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma and overweight/obese. CONCLUSIONS: The MPB cohort has been successfully established, serving as a useful platform for future research relating to the genetic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors for childhood diseases.
Biological Specimen Banks , Humans , Male , Female , Child , China/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Saliva/chemistry , Risk Factors , Asthma/epidemiology , Life Style , Dental Caries/epidemiology
Objective: To comparison of the application of Vibrating Mesh Nebulizer and Jet Nebulizer in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Research Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statements. The primary outcome measures analyzed included: The amount of inhaler in the urine sample at 30 minutes after inhalation therapy (USAL0.5), The total amount of inhaler in urine sample within 24 hours (USAL24), Aerosol emitted, Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), Forced vital capacity (FVC). Results: Ten studies were included with a total of 314 study participants, including 157 subjects in the VMN group and 157 subjects in the JN group. The data analysis results of USAL0.5, MD (1.88 [95% CI, 0.95 to 2.81], P = 0.000), showed a statistically significant difference. USAL24, MD (1.61 [95% CI, 1.14 to 2.09], P = 0.000), showed a statistically significant difference. The results of aerosol emitted showed a statistically significant difference in MD (3.44 [95% CI, 2.84 to 4.04], P = 0.000). The results of FEV1 showed MD (0.05 [95% CI, -0.24 to 0.35], P=0.716), the results were not statistically significant. The results of FVC showed MD (0.11 [95% CI, -0.18 to 0.41], P=0.459), the results were not statistically significant. It suggests that VMN is better than JN and provides higher aerosols, but there is no difference in improving lung function between them. Conclusion: VMN is significantly better than JN in terms of drug delivery and utilization in the treatment of patients with COPD. However, in the future use of nebulizers, it is important to select a matching nebulizer based on a combination of factors such as mechanism of action of the nebulizer, disease type and comorbidities, ventilation strategies and modes, drug formulations, as well as cost-effectiveness, in order to achieve the ideal treatment of COPD.
Bronchodilator Agents , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Humans , Administration, Inhalation , Albuterol , Bronchodilator Agents/adverse effects , Drug Delivery Systems , Equipment Design , Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets
The diversity in the petal morphology of chrysanthemums makes this species an excellent model for investigating the regulation mechanisms of petal size. However, our understanding of the molecular regulation of petal growth in chrysanthemums remains limited. The GASA (gibberellic acid [GA]-stimulated Arabidopsis) protein plays a significant role in various aspects of plant growth and development. Previous studies have indicated that GEG (a gerbera homolog of the gibberellin-stimulated transcript 1 [GAST1] from tomato) is involved in regulating ray petal growth by inhibiting cell expansion in gerberas. In this study, we successfully cloned the GASA family gene from chrysanthemums, naming it CmGEG, which shares 81.4% homology with GEG. Our spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed that CmGEG is expressed in all tissues, with the highest expression levels observed in the ray florets, particularly during the later stages of development. Through transformation experiments, we demonstrated that CmGEG inhibits petal elongation in chrysanthemums. Further observations indicated that CmGEG restricts cell elongation in the top, middle, and basal regions of the petals. To investigate the relationship between CmGEG and GA in petal growth, we conducted a hormone treatment assay using detached chrysanthemum petals. Our results showed that GA promotes petal elongation while downregulating CmGEG expression. In conclusion, the constrained growth of chrysanthemum petals may be attributed to the inhibition of cell elongation by CmGEG, a process regulated by GA.
Arabidopsis Proteins , Asteraceae , Chrysanthemum , Chrysanthemum/genetics , Chrysanthemum/metabolism , Flowers/metabolism , Gibberellins/pharmacology , Gibberellins/metabolism , Asteraceae/metabolism , Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism
PURPOSE: Youkenafil is a novel oral selective PDE5 inhibitor for treating Erectile Dysfunction. This investigation assessed pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of youkenafil and its main metabolite (M459) after taking 100 mg youkenafil hydrochloride tablets in elderly and young subjects. METHODS: This Phase I, single-center, open-label, parallel-group, single-dose study was conducted on 24 individuals (12 elders and 12 youngsters). Each subject received a single oral 100 mg youkenafil hydrochloride tablets. Blood samples were collected before medication and up to 48 h after medication for PK analysis. Safety and tolerability were also assessed, including treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), laboratory tests, 12-lead ECG, vital sign inspections, color vision examinations, and physical examinations. RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of youkenafil and M459 were quantified. PK parameters were determined by non-compartmental analysis. Median Tmax of elderly and young groups were both 0.733 h. However, Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ of youkenafil were separately 16.8 %, 37.2 %, and 37.5 % higher in elders and t1/2 of youkenafil was 2.1 h longer in elders. More great differences were observed for M459. T1/2 values were 4.05 h longer in elders, with Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ 73.7 %, 81.1 %, and 81.4 % higher in elders. Two (8.3 %) elderly subjects reported TEAEs (all grade â in severity) and both recovered without any treatment. No serious adverse reactions (SAEs) or serious unexpected suspected adverse reactions (SUSARs) occurred in this study. CONCLUSIONS: This was the first PK research of youkenafil and M459 in elderly men. PK parameters differences between youkenafil and M459 were comparable between elderly and young groups. Moreover, safety and tolerability of youkenafil were favorable in both groups.
Neuropathic pain is a chronic and severe syndrome for which effective therapy is insufficient and the release of ATP from microglia induced by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays a vital role in neuropathic pain. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to develop highly sensitive and selective ATP biosensors for quantitative monitoring of low-concentration ATP in the complex nervous system, which helps in understanding the mechanism involved in neuropathic pain. Herein, we developed an electrochemical microsensor based on an entropy-driven bipedal DNA walker. First, the microsensor specifically recognized ATP via ATP aptamers, initiating the entropy-driven bipedal DNA walker. Subsequently, the bipedal DNA walker autonomously traversed the microelectrode interface, introducing methylene blue to the electrode surface and achieving cascade signal amplification. This microsensor showed excellent selectivity, stability, and a low limit of detection at 1.13 nM. The S1P-induced ATP release from BV2 cells was successfully monitored, and it was observed that dicumarol could inhibit this release, suggesting dicumarol as a potential treatment for neuropathic pain. The microsensor's small size exhibited significant potential for monitoring ATP level changes in neuropathic pain in vivo, which provides a new strategy for in situ and quantitative monitoring of nonelectroactive biomolecules associated with neurological diseases.
Biosensing Techniques , Lysophospholipids , Neuralgia , Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives , Humans , Entropy , Dicumarol , DNA/chemistry , Microelectrodes , Adenosine Triphosphate , Electrochemical Techniques , Limit of Detection
